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Mehdi akbari; Fariborz Abbasi; Abolfazl Nasseri; Afshin Gomrokchi; mostafa goodarzi; Amir Eslami; masoud Farzamnia; r alimohammadi; Nader Kouhi Chellehkaran; Reza Bahramloo; Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi; seyed abolghassem Haghayeghi moghaddam; Ardalan Zolfagharan; Jamal Ahmadaali; Mohamad Abasi; Hamid Riahi; Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavanimoghaddam
Abstract
In this study, volume of irrigation water, water productivity, and yield of alfalfa were measured in 300 farms in Zanjan, Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Hamedan, East Azerbaijan, Semnan, Khorasan-Razavi, Isfahan, West Azerbaijan, Central, Qazvin and Kerman provinces under farmers management and surface ...
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In this study, volume of irrigation water, water productivity, and yield of alfalfa were measured in 300 farms in Zanjan, Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Hamedan, East Azerbaijan, Semnan, Khorasan-Razavi, Isfahan, West Azerbaijan, Central, Qazvin and Kerman provinces under farmers management and surface and sprinkler irrigation, various water sources, different water salinities, soil conditions, and varieties, during the growing season of 2018-2019. The results showed that the difference between average volumes of water applied by farmers, yield, and water productivity, in the studied sites were significant at 1% probability level. The average amount of applied water by farmers was 8502, 8901, 9226, 9459, 11481, 12796, 14311, 14821, 15198, 15916, 18351 and 23920 m3/ha, respectively, and the average was 13284 m3/ha. The dry yield of alfalfa varied from 2500 to 30000 kg/ha with an average of 13841 kg/ha. Irrigation water productivity varied from 0.2 to 4.5 and its average was 1.28 kg/m3. The average irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity for alfalfa was 1.19 kg/m3. The results showed that the average applied water and alfalfa yield in surface and sprinkler irrigation methods were 15076 and 10653 m3/ha, respectively, (p<1%). These results showed that in sprinkler irrigation method, applied water was 30% less and irrigation water plus effective rainfall productivity was 41% higher. Accordingly, in order to reduce the volume of irrigation water and improve alfalfa water productivity, it is recommended to use sprinkler method in suitable climatic conditions where irrigation water is of good quality and the technical criteria of design, implementation, operation, and economic considerations are met.
Nader Naderi; Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi; Mahmud Froumadi
Abstract
Semnan province faces water and soil limitations due to its geographical location, desert and semi-desert climate. Pressurized irrigation methods are used as one of the options for improving water use efficiency in this province. In this study, sprinkler irrigation systems were evaluated in Semnan province. ...
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Semnan province faces water and soil limitations due to its geographical location, desert and semi-desert climate. Pressurized irrigation methods are used as one of the options for improving water use efficiency in this province. In this study, sprinkler irrigation systems were evaluated in Semnan province. For this purpose, 6 sprinkler irrigation systems including wheel move, classic with portable sprinkler, and center pivot systems were evaluated in different farms. Potential and actual application efficiency (PELQ and AELQ), uniformity, and distribution coefficients (CU and DU) for wheel move systems were 40.7%, 29.6%, 57.2% and 52.7%, respectively, and for classic systems with portable sprinkler they were 54.8%, 54.8%, 75% and 65%. For center pivot system, these parameters were 83%, 79.6%, 5/94%, and 91%, respectively. In center pivot system, these parameters were the best. Good designing, new and appropriate sprinklers, and low height of sprinklers were the factors causing better operation of this system. Next to center pivot, the classic system with portable sprinkler had better performance. New and appropriate sprinklers, low height of sprinklers, and appropriate pressure in this system increased the efficiency in farm No.4, while in farm No. 5, inappropriate sprinklers distance decreased efficiency of the classic system with portable sprinkler. In other farms, low pressure of sprinklers, decreasing the discharge and spray radius of sprinklers relative to nominal values and high pressure difference in the system caused low efficiency of wheel move system.
Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi; m ch; seyed mohsen seyedan
Abstract
Optimal uses of water resources due to climate change and the recent drought conditions seem to be necessary. One of the most important and effective strategies is using the modern irrigation systems. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in Hamedan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research ...
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Optimal uses of water resources due to climate change and the recent drought conditions seem to be necessary. One of the most important and effective strategies is using the modern irrigation systems. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in Hamedan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in a split plot arrangement based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. Main plots were irrigation systems (Sprinkler, Tape, and Furrow) and sub plots included wheat genotypes (Alvand, Toos, and two lines C-81-4 and CD-5009). In spite of different amounts of water used in the studied irrigation systems, results showed that grain yield of the evaluated genotypes did not have significant differences in different irrigation systems, although the difference between grain yield in the tape and the furrow irrigation system was around 1000 kg/ha. Also, differences among the evaluated genotypes were not significant. Water productivity in the tape, sprinkler, and furrow irrigation (regardless of effective rainfall), was 1.6, 1.1 and 0.69 kg per unit of water consumption, respectively. Water productivity in tape irrigation increased about 132% and 45 percent compared to furrow and sprinkler irrigation. Economic evaluation, however, showed that sprinkler and tape irrigation systems had economic justification for all of the evaluated genotypes in comparison with furrow irrigation. Besides, sprinkler irrigation had economic preferences in comparison to tape irrigation.
A.M J; Hormoz Soltani; seyyed moinoddin Rezvani; Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi
Abstract
Innovative irrigation practices can enhance water consumption efficiency and economic returns. In this study, the effect of two irrigation methods and four different planting patterns on the yield and economic returns of potato crop were evaluated. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted ...
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Innovative irrigation practices can enhance water consumption efficiency and economic returns. In this study, the effect of two irrigation methods and four different planting patterns on the yield and economic returns of potato crop were evaluated. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in Ekbatana Agricultural Research Station in Hamedan for three years (2013-15), using a split plot randomized complete block design. The treatments included two main factors, sprinkler and drip irrigation, and four planting pattern in subplots. Economic analysis of the treatments was conducted by using Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Equivalent Uniform Annual Net Profit (EUANP) criteria. The results showed that the conventional planting in drip irrigation method was economically the superior treatment. For superior treatment, the calculated BCR was 1.48, with IRR of 287.49% and EUANP of 79.1 million Rials/ha. The impact of planting pattern in sprinkler irrigation method on economic return of the treatments was remarkable, such that the IRR and EUANP of all sprinkler treatments were more than double the conventional planting. The planting pattern with 60 cm distance in sprinkler irrigation method had the highest economic return.
T H; M KH; M Z; A GH
Abstract
Crop models are suitable for simulation of crop yield by different scenarios of deficit irrigation and salinity. In this research, the AquaCrop model was evaluated to simulate the soybean grain yield and biomass under different levels of salinity and deficit irrigation in Gorgan County during 2011 and ...
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Crop models are suitable for simulation of crop yield by different scenarios of deficit irrigation and salinity. In this research, the AquaCrop model was evaluated to simulate the soybean grain yield and biomass under different levels of salinity and deficit irrigation in Gorgan County during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The model was calibrated by experimental data of 2011 and validated with data of 2012. The experiment included three irrigation levels of 100%, 75% and 55% water requirement and three salinity levels of 0.7, 5 and 10 dS/m. Statistical indices of the results of validated model including RMSE, E, and d for grain yield were 0.225 ton/ha, 0.88 and 0.97, respectively, and for biomass, they were 0.718 ton/ha, 0.77 and 0.95, respectively. Results showed that grain yield decreased with decrease in the amount of irrigation water and increase in salinity level. Further analysis showed that the sensitivity of AquaCrop model to the canopy decline coefficient (CDC) was more than the other parameters at senescence and maximum canopy cover stages.
a gh; m kh; p sh; h z
Abstract
In areas facing water shortage, increasing water productivity is the key to overcome the greatest challenge in the agricultural sector. The present field experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation water depths and salinity of magnetized and non-magnetized water on grain yield, biomass, ...
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In areas facing water shortage, increasing water productivity is the key to overcome the greatest challenge in the agricultural sector. The present field experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation water depths and salinity of magnetized and non-magnetized water on grain yield, biomass, height, protein, and oil content of soybean variety DPX. The experiment was performed as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Aliabad, Golestan province, in 2013. The treatments consisted of three levels of water volume (100%, 75% and 50% of soybean water requirement) and three salinity levels (0.7, 5, and 10 dS/m). The results showed that magnetized water caused irrigation water quality to be improved. Therefore, magnetization of irrigation water resulted in the highly significant increase in the grain yield, biomass, height, protein, and oil content of plant under water deficit and salinity stress treatments (p < 0.001). The average decrease of yield in water salinity of 5 dS/m was equal to 8.44 percent, and for water salinity of 10 dS/m was equal to 24.68 percent as compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the average decrease of yield in 75% irrigation level was equal to 30.68 percent, and for 50% irrigation level was equal to 44.40 percent as compared to the control treatment. In general, the highest grain yield was 5.5 tons per hectare for plants treated with magnetized water and provision of 100% crop water requirement.
a gh; h d; m kh; m s
Abstract
Limited water and energy resources in the world and the increasing demand for water and energy due to population growth and the development of human societies necessitate investigation of the water and energy consumption in irrigation systems. This study aimed to evaluate the water and energy consumption, ...
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Limited water and energy resources in the world and the increasing demand for water and energy due to population growth and the development of human societies necessitate investigation of the water and energy consumption in irrigation systems. This study aimed to evaluate the water and energy consumption, losses, and efficiency of diesel pumping stations and was conducted in Hamadan Province farms during the period 2009 to 2011. Nebraska Pumping Plant Performance Criteria was applied to compare the performance of irrigation pumping stations. The results showed that the total efficiency varied from 7.2% to 24.3 percent. The average of total efficiency and wasted energy of a diesel pump was calculated at about 14.7 percent and 4.84 liters per hour, respectively. The results showed that in many farms where sprinkler systems were used, the water applied was lower than crop water requirement. Average water use efficiency in alfalfa fields in the furrow and sprinkler systems was 1.7 and 2.7 kg/m3, respectively. The factors influencing decrease in energy efficiency were worn-out pump or motor, inappropriate implementation foundation for the pump engine, and inappropriate selection of engine for the pump.
A GH; A SH; M R; H Z
Abstract
Deficit irrigation, as a limiting factor for growth, will affect physiological characteristics of plants. In order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on yield, chlorophyll fluorescence, dry weight of stems and leaves, and leaf area index of sunflower, this study was performed at the research ...
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Deficit irrigation, as a limiting factor for growth, will affect physiological characteristics of plants. In order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on yield, chlorophyll fluorescence, dry weight of stems and leaves, and leaf area index of sunflower, this study was performed at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of, Sari, Iran, in 2013. The experimental treatments were arranged as randomized complete block design with three replications. The irrigation regimes consisted of full irrigation (FI), regulated deficit (DI75, DI55), and partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRD75, PRD55). The results indicated that the effect of irrigation treatments on yield, photosynthetic efficiency, maximum fluorescence (Fm), minimum fluorescence (Fo), leaf area index, shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight, and head dry weight was significant. Comparison showed that water stress significantly decreased grain yield, photosynthetic efficiency index and maximum fluorescence (Fm), whereas the minimum fluorescence (Fo) was increased. The maximum seed yield (5148 kg ha-1) was attained in full irrigation treatment and had no difference with PRD75 treatment. The maximum leaf area index at the end of the growing season was 4.3 and recorded in FI and had no difference with PRD75, DI75 and PRD55. Overall, treatment PRD75 is recommended since it reduced water consumption by 16.8 percent relative to FI treatment and had no significant difference with full irrigation treatments (FI) in terms of seed yield, quantum yield, and other growth parameters.
A Ghadami; M. Mirzaei; M Seyedan
Abstract
In this study, combined effects of nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated on the quantity and quality of sugar beet seed (variety 7233) under furrow and trickle irrigation. The experiment had split plot design in completely randomized blocks, adopting split factorial with three replications. ...
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In this study, combined effects of nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated on the quantity and quality of sugar beet seed (variety 7233) under furrow and trickle irrigation. The experiment had split plot design in completely randomized blocks, adopting split factorial with three replications. The main plots were allocated to the two irrigation methods i.e. furrow and trickle (tape) irrigation systems, while the sub plots included 4 nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/ha) and 3 phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60 kg/ha). The project was conducted at the Ekbatan station of the Agricultural Research Center of Hamedan in 2003- 04.The results of combined analysis showed that the effect of different treatments of N on the quantity of sugar beet seed yield was significant (α =%1).The effects of irrigation method, N, P, and their interactions were not significant on the percentage of the standard seeds. The interaction effect of irrigation method and N as well as the interaction effect of irrigation, P, and environment (year) on seed germination were significant. The results showed that increasing N application up to 88.5 kg/ha increased the amount of standard seed size, whereas higher amounts decreased the standard seed size. With increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 120 kg, seed germination increased in trickle irrigation. The averages of yield under drip (tape) and furrow irrigation system were 2360 and 2210 kg/ha, respectively. But, with increasing phosphorus rate, changes in the germination percentage under both irrigation methods were not significant. The amount of water use efficiency increased with increase in nitrogen rate, and the difference between different treatments was significant (α =%1). Compared with furrow irrigation, tape irrigation reduced water consumption by about 50 percent. The amount of water use efficiency in trickle irrigation was 0.59 kg.m-3, more than twice the WUE in the furrows. Changing the irrigation method from furrow to trickle irrigation increased net income by about 18.6 million rails. The net value during 15 years was calculated at about 457.3 million Rials. Considering the internal rate of return (43.5%) and the benefit: cost ratio of 1.6, use of drip irrigation for production of sugar beet seed is economical.